������Michelle Gallagher,��Tyler Weiss,��Paul Doll,��Dan Fonseca, and��Erica Frankel, Dow

The drive towards sustainability and a more circular economy has become a pivotal strategy across the coatings industry. This shift has spurred initiatives to reduce carbon footprint emissions, utilize materials with extended lifespans, source from renewable feedstocks, and create safer products. In response, the first all-acrylic bio-based latex emulsion polymer tailored for the North American interior paint market has been developed. This next-generation commercial polymer offers numerous advantages over traditional fossil feedstock-based emulsions, including a competitive cost structure, bio-based carbon content exceeding 20%, and exceptionally low volatile organic compound (VOC) levels, all while maintaining performance characteristics associated with acrylic paints.

Beyond addressing bulk VOC concerns, the industry has seen increased scrutiny over the past decade regarding paint emissions post-application. This article explores seminal methodologies and volatile emission results of paints formulated with latexes derived from various feedstocks. It highlights the ultra-low emissions achieved with this new bio-acrylic polymer, representing a significant advancement toward more sustainable interior paint.

Introduction

The global coatings industry is undergoing a pivotal transformation, shifting from fossil- derived raw materials to more sustainable, renewable alternatives. This change is driven by the need to foster a more circular economy, minimize environmental impacts, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and align with ever-changing health and regulatory standards.¹

However, this movement is not the first paradigm shift the coatings industry has undergone as lowering the total VOC in wet paints has been a continued concern for raw material suppliers and paint manufacturers for several decades. In the 1940s, solventborne paints contained VOCs in concentrations as high as 700 g/L.²��With the emergence of latex paint in the 1950s, VOC was greatly reduced. Since that time, the Clean Air Act and the Clean Air Act Amendment have helped push that total VOC even lower.³��Agencies such as the California Air Resource Board (CARB) and certifications such as Blue Angel have led the paint industry toward near-zero VOC regimes. More recently, there has been growing concern and emphasis on indoor air quality (IAQ) and VOC emissions as paint dries over time. Measuring IAQ accurately is a complex challenge, and it has taken decades to develop the equipment, procedures, and expertise to collect, measure, and identify potential sources that can lead to poor IAQ.⁴��With a growing list of standards such as UL Green Guard⁵��and California Department of Public Health (CHPD) 01350,⁶��new innovations within the paint industry such as the transition away from fossil feedstock-derived materials will need to also uphold the increasingly stringent standards surrounding VOC and VOC emissions.

At its core, adopting bio-based coatings lies in their potential to reduce dependency on fossil resources and lower overall carbon footprints. Traditional coatings rely on fossil-based feedstocks and additives, which are increasingly scrutinized for their environmental and health impacts. Transitioning to renewable feedstocks can directly support greenhouse gas reduction strategies and respond to consumer and regulatory demands for safer, more sustainable materials that can be validated by third-party certifications.

Among the most promising advances is the development of bio-based acrylic polymer dispersions capable of matching, and in some cases surpassing, the dry-film performance of traditional fossil feedstock-based systems while also exhibiting superiority in low emissions. A newly developed bio-based acrylic binder represents a milestone in this journey. Beyond merely substituting fossil fuel inputs, the binder incorporates traceable biocarbon content into polymer emulsions, verified by established methodologies, and it delivers on three key sustainability goals:

• substantially reduced bulk and emitted VOCs compared to fossil feedstock-based control paints
• absence of intentionally added per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) or alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO)
• approximately 27% bio-based carbon that can enable the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) BioPreferred^®��certification of interior latex paints

This article presents a detailed technical evaluation of the new all-acrylic bio-based latex binder. This innovative dispersion not only preserves formulating latitude and dry-film performance but also achieves dramatically reduced levels of VOC emissions, both in bulk and during application, relative to standard fossil-based controls. The findings are grounded in comprehensive data which are provided in this article.

Experimental

Preparation of Bio-Based Paints

Paints with the new bio-based binder were made into both flat and semi-gloss formulations (see��Tables 1�����Ի���2). The starting point flat white formulation comprises 37% volume solids and 48% pigment volume concentration (PVC), while the semi-gloss formulation consists of 37% volume solids and 24% PVC.

Additionally, thickened binders of equivalent weight percent solids were made to determine emitted VOC contributions from just the binder versus those from the total paint formulation. The thickened binders were made by diluting with the appropriate amount of water and then modifying their rheology with an inorganic thickener which enables appropriate coat weights to be achieved without contributing to emitted VOCs.

Continue reading in the March-April��issue of CoatingsTech

The growing problem of invasive mussel species in the Great Lakes has prompted researchers to create innovative solutions aimed at preventing their spread to inland lakes and reservoirs. These mussels attach to various surfaces, both in the upper (epilimnion) and deeper (hypolimnion) layers of lakes. During the winter months, mussels will die off, leaving the large structures constructed of their shells on the lakebed. Their colonies recede into the deeper waters where water temperature is warmer than the icy conditions on the surface. In the spring and summer, the mussels return shoreward, recoating the left-behind shell structures and adding layers of shell material to the submerged landscape. Juvenile mussels are released from fish hosts and can migrate or float to nearly any structure or vehicle, with bilge water from ships often transporting them to new locations. Once attached, mussels begin their reproductive cycle, and this adherence is key to their spread. If prevented from attaching, they are forced to relocate, increasing competition for space and resources.

To combat fouling, researchers have developed a clear, tri-cure hybrid silsesquioxane coating that is inexpensive, easy to apply, and safe for aquatic environments. When applied to glass or fiberglass, materials they readily attach to, this coating prevents the bonding of mussel proteins to surfaces, making them resistant to fouling. By coating boat hulls, boat owners can reduce mussel attachment, slowing the spread of invasives, saving on costly maintenance, reducing drag, and contributing to the protection of other aquatic ecosystems.

Introduction

Marine biofouling, which is the undesirable accumulation of microorganisms, plants, and animals on submerged surfaces, poses significant operational and environmental challenges to maritime industries and aquatic infrastructure.^1-3��The consequences of biofouling are far-reaching. It causes increased hydrodynamic drag on vessel hulls which reduces fuel efficiency and speed, while simultaneously contributing to higher greenhouse gas emissions.^4-7��In addition, biofouling accelerates the corrosion of submerged metal and concrete surfaces, clogs pipelines in coastal and nuclear facilities, and disrupts water flow and nutrient exchange in aquaculture systems.^8,9

One of the most practical and effective strategies for mitigating biofouling is the use of protective surface coatings or coating additives. These are broadly classified into biocidal and nonbiocidal types. Biocidal coatings rely on the controlled release of toxic agents from a polymer matrix to prevent organism settlement and are considered antifouling coatings.¹⁰��The efficacy of such coatings is governed by the biocide’s release rate and its environmental compatibility that should ideally combine strong antifouling activity with low toxicity and moderate fresh and sea water solubility. Unfortunately, only a limited number of biocides meet these stringent requirements for safe and sustained marine use.¹¹

Nonbiocidal coatings primarily include fouling-resistant and fouling-release coatings (FRCs). Fouling-resistant coatings are typically based on hydrophilic polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and zwitterionic materials, which prevent initial organism adhesion.¹²��However, their tendency to swell in saline environments leads to poor mechanical performance. In contrast, FRCs utilize hydrophobic, low-surface-energy materials that allow weakly adhered organisms to be easily removed under mild shear forces. Polysiloxanes are commonly used as FRCs and offer excellent thermal and photochemical stability, though their long-term performance is limited by hydrolytic degradation. To overcome these limitations, hybrid organo-silicon coating systems have been developed. These systems integrate organic and inorganic elements to combine durability, antifouling characteristics, and environmental resilience.^13,14��For instance, R-alkoxysilanes, particularly methoxy and ethoxy variants, have long been employed to consolidate porous substrates like stone by forming crosslinked siloxane networks with the ratio [RSiO_3/2], or silsesquioxanes that also contain organic bridges. When incorporated into coatings, these networks offer benefits such as low thermal conductivity, oxidative resistance, and mechanical integrity.

Among silicon-oxygen-based coating systems derived from alkoxysilanes, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is a widely used precursor.^15,16��However, its slow curing rate often necessitates acidic or basic catalysts and long reaction times. As an alternative, photocuring methods that utilize photoinitiators to trigger rapid organic polymerization under light have gained popularity for enabling fast curing without complex handling or component separation. Moreover, using R-functional trialkoxysilanes with epoxy, amine, thiol, or fluorocarbon side groups allows tailoring of surface adhesion, hydrophobicity, and internal stress relief within the final silsesquioxane-based coating.¹⁷

Bioinspired approaches have further guided the design of antifouling surfaces. Many plants and insects feature microstructured, waxy coatings that combine hydrophobicity with self-cleaning properties. Mimicking these strategies, coatings with nanoscale surface roughness and low-surface-energy materials (e.g., fluoropolymers) have been developed to enhance water repellency and reduce biological adhesion.

Polyurethane (PU) networks exhibit the outstanding mechanical strength, thermal stability, and solvent resistance that is required for use in high-performance coatings, adhesives, and composites. However, the most common way to form these polymer networks is to use hazardous isocyanate-functional molecules. Moisture-cure urethane silane polymers have recently been used to form hybrid PU networks, thereby mitigating end-user exposure to hazardous isocyanate during application. However, while the applicator is not exposed to isocyanates, they are nonetheless used to synthesize these polymers. High-oleic soybean oil (HOSBO) was chosen for use in hybrid binders to explore potential beneficial properties, mainly enhanced hydrophobicity and reduced viscosity, and as a U.S.-produced renewable chemical, the fatty acid groups offer beneficial properties. For this project, isocyanate-free polyurethane-silane binders were formed by first reacting diethanolamine with HOSBO to form fatty acid diols, followed by transcarbamation reactions to form urethane linkages. The polymers were then end-capped with various secondary aminoalkoxysilanes via subsequent transcarbamation reactions. Reaction of these polymers with atmospheric moisture resulted in crosslinked hybrid networks with siloxane linkages. Surface-free energy (SFE) as well as thermal and mechanical energy were explored.

Introduction

Crosslinked polymer networks are in numerous consumer and industrial products, ranging from coatings for medical devices to foams for seat cushions.^1-4��The chemistry for these networks typically involves urethane, urea, ether, and thioether chemistries.^5-7��Among these, polyurethane and polyurea networks remain the most widely studied due to their rapid and efficient formation at room temperature, the ability to modify the backbone structure, as well as their excellent thermal and mechanical properties.^8,9��The most common way to form polyurethane networks requires the use of hazardous isocyanates.⁸��However, isocyanate exposure can lead to a myriad of health issues, including skin and eye irritation, symptoms of asthma, and sensitization upon exposure.^10,11

A way to synthesize crosslinked networks while avoiding isocyanates is to make networks with siloxanes where an alkoxysilane is used as a crosslinker. These urethane-siloxane polymers also have the advantage of producing crosslinked networks with enhanced properties from the sol-gel region.^12-16��For example, silane-terminated polyurethane and poly(urethaneimide) networks demonstrate improved thermal stability, good adhesion to metals, elastomeric properties, and excellent moisture resistance.^17-20

In addition to avoiding isocyanates, there is interest in the polyurethane field to shift from petrochemical to renewable biobased raw materials, particularly soybean oil.^21,22��Polyurethane networks are not necessarily hydrophobic and often rely upon incorporation of other materials and segments to make hydrophobic material.²³��The addition of the fatty acid chains is predicted to enhance hydrophobicity. Other benefits from the fatty acid chain include reduced viscosity and, by using the high oleic oil, reduced yellowing with a high content of chains with a single unsaturated group. Hybrid urethane-siloxane vegetable oilbased polymers have even been formed through isocyanates^24-27��and cyclic carbonate chemistry.^28-30��The isocyanate-based networks have the same toxicity issue of the nonhybrid polyurethane while the cyclic carbonate-based networks form pendant hydroxyl groups, which may limit any enhancement to hydrophobicity. Rather than use these methods, the ester linkages of the oil can be utilized to incorporate other organic functionalities, such as alcohols and diols, which can be further reacted.³¹

Herein, a method is provided to form polyurethane-silane networks that circumvents the use of isocyanates and incorporates renewable biobased materials. In this work, a safer acylation reagent, 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), was used to form the urethane functional groups. These acylating groups were used to attach the fatty acid-based diol, which is based on high-oleic soybean oil (HOSBO), to the alkoxysilane crosslinker and to add chain extenders. These compounds were then used as binders to form clear polyurethane-siloxane networks. To our knowledge, there are no reports of polyurethane-siloxane networks based on HOSBO. This method allows for greater control of structure of the binders. Chain extenders have been explored in the binders. Thermal, mechanical, and surface properties of the resulting crosslinked networks were determined using several analytical techniques and compared with those of a control network.

By Mariia Usiichuk, Vasylyna Kirianchuk, Oleg Shevchuk, Tetiana Shevtsova, and Andriy Voronov

The search for alternatives to petroleum-based materials in the polymer industry, driven by growing environmental concerns and limiting the availability of petroleum-based sources, is becoming increasingly critical. In this context, plant oils, with their renewable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly nature, have proven to be promising raw materials.¹ Recently, various approaches, including acrylation, epoxidation, and transesterification, have been developed to transform the triglycerides present in oils into polymerizable monomers, paving the way for the creation of biobased polymers with properties comparable to their petroleum-based analogs.² The flexibility in chemical modification enhances the potential applications of plant oil-derived monomers in various industries, including coatings.³

Coconut oil, in particular, is an attractive source for biobased monomer synthesis due to its unique composition, rich in medium (6 to 12 carbon atoms) saturated fatty acids such as lauric acid.⁴ This composition makes coconut oil highly valuable for producing additives, such as surfactants, where the shorter-chain fatty acids enhance key performance properties. However, the conversion of hydrogenated oils into surfactants typically involves multiple processing steps, which adds complexity to the overall production process.⁵

Our research group has developed an efficient one-step method to convert triglycerides from plant/vegetable oils into a library of plant oil-based acrylic monomers (POBMs), suitable for free radical polymerization.^6,7,8 It was shown that the incorporation of POBMs made from primarily unsaturated triglycerides provides several benefits to the resulting polymeric materials, including a plasticizing effect and controlled viscoelastic behavior. At the same time, plant oil-based monomeric fragments from saturated fatty acids in the oils facilitate the formation of ordered (crystalline) morphological polymeric domains. Such combination enables tailoring of the thermo-mechanical properties in a broad range and thus advances the performance of POBM-based polymeric materials. In this short communication, we elaborate on the highly saturated triglycerides effect by introducing recently synthesized coconut oil-based acrylic monomer (CCM) to broaden our technology of fabrication of biobased polymeric materials with tunable properties.

Synthesis and Characterization of Coconut Oil-based Acrylic Monomer

The composition of the coconut oil used as raw material was analyzed by mass spectrometry in order to assess the feasibility of monomer synthesis and relate the composition to the characteristics of the resulting polymers. The results indicated that the coconut oil contains over 90% saturated fatty acids (Table 1), which aligns well with existing literature.4 Additionally, the low iodine value 16 g/100 g found by titration confirms the saturated nature of used coconut oil.

The coconut oil was then converted into coconut oil-based acrylic monomer (CCM) using the one-step transesterification method described in our previous publications.6,7,8 As shown in Figure 1, coconut oil was reacted with N-(hydroxyethyl) acrylamide, yielding a mixture of monomers that feature a single acrylic double bond linked to fatty chain residues, where R₁, R₂, and R₃ represent fatty acid fragments corresponding to the oil chemical composition. The resulting product was purified according to the established methodology and then characterized.

FIGURE 1 The mechanism of the transesterification reaction.

The structure of the CCM was confirmed using FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy (Figure 2). The FTIR spectrum indicates the incorporation of fatty acid acyl moieties to the acrylamide fragment. The presence of a strong NH absorption band between 3200 and 3400 cm^–1, along with the carbonyl (amide I) band at 1670 cm^–1 and the NH (amide II) band at 1540 cm^–1, confirms the bonding of the acrylamide group to the fatty acid fragment. Additionally, the presence of strong absorption bands observed at 1740, 1245, and 1180 cm^–1 confirms the ester nature of the CCM (Figure 2A).

According to the 1H-NMR spectrum (Figure 2B) of the CCM, characteristic peaks for the acrylic double bond protons are observed at 5.6-6.6 ppm along with the peaks corresponding to the protons of the ethylene linkage between the amide and ester groups (3.6 ppm and 4.20 ppm), and signals from the fatty acid chains (0.8 and 2.8 ppm), confirming the monomer structure, which includes both acryloylamide and fatty acid moieties.

FIGURE 2 FTIR (A) and��¹H-NMR (B) spectra of CCM.

To confirm the structure of CCM, Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used (Figure 3), and the presence of the predominant [laurate-CCM + Na]⁺ fraction was confirmed, with the highest peak observed at 320 m/z. These results correlate with the fatty acid composition of the coconut oil used for synthesis, where lauric acid fragments comprise approximately 60% by weight. Additionally, the CCM molecules also contain smaller fractions of other fatty acid chains, as indicated by mass peaks at 264, 348, 376, and 402 m/z. Given the diverse fatty acid composition of coconut oil, the CCM is a mixture of monomers, with lauric acid residue being the most prevalent.

FIGURE 3 ESI mass spectra of CCM.

The iodine value of CCM (65 g/100 g) is higher than that of coconut oil due to the presence of acrylamide moiety, yet as it can be expected, this value is significantly lower than that of unsaturated plant oil-based monomers (POBMs) reported previously by our group.⁷

By Kateryna Rudich, Yehor Polunin, Ayda Dadras, Mohiuddin Quadir, and Andriy Voronov

Introduction

The use of polymers as a seed coating is a prevalent agricultural practice because it helps to reduce the overall amount of chemicals needed, promoting more sustainable farming practices. Seed coating is the process of applying a protective layer, typically made of polymers, nutrients, or agrochemicals, to seeds before planting. The primary purposes of seed coatings are to enhance seed performance, protect against pathogens and pests, improve germination rates, and provide essential nutrients during early plant development, all while minimizing the risks associated with conventional seed treatment methods.¹ However, seed coatings mainly involve the use of petroleum-based, non-biodegradable polymers that significantly contribute to microplastic pollution.

This study explores the potential of biomass- and plant oil-based polymers recently developed by our group as a sustainable alternative to be applied in seed coatings. The resulting polymer, consisting of hemicellulose xylan modified by grafted chains made of babassu oil-based monomers (HX-g-BOBM), is designed as a sustainable film-forming material targeting advanced water barrier performance.² HX-g-BOBM is a highly biobased, tough, and processable bioplastic. Being biodegradable, it may offer a renewable alternative to applications of conventional petroleum-based polymers in food packaging. This study evaluates the feasibility of HX-g-BOBM as a seed coating by applying it to corn (Zea mays) seeds and assessing the effect on the seeds’ vigor and viability.

HX-g-BOBM Synthesis

Agricultural wastes such as some lignocellulosic materials and plant oils are excellent renewable resources for the production of sustainable coatings due to their chemical versatility, availability, and often low cost.3-6 HX-g-BOBM is synthesized from hemicellulose xylan and babassu oil, which are believed to be inherently biodegradable or compostable by nature. Babassu oil-based monomer (BOBM) and HX-g-BOBM were synthesized following the procedures described in earlier publications.^1,7,8 The structure of BBM is shown in Figure 1A. A schematic representation of HX-g-BOBM synthesis is presented in Figure 1B. Before polymerization, xylan was reacted with maleic anhydride through an esterification reaction. During this process, an ester bond is formed between the maleic anhydride and hydroxyl groups of xylan, while the vinyl group of maleic anhydride remains intact, providing a reactive site for the attachment of BOBM-based grafted chains. After successful maleinization, the modified xylan was added to the BOBM along with the AIBN initiator (1.5 wt %). Grafting polymerization reaction was conducted in bulk at 80 °C for 8 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After purification from unreacted xylan and BOBM, a homogeneous solution of highly branched HX-g-BOBM was obtained. Multiple xylan macromolecules are decorated by BOBM chains, and BOBM homopolymer is also present in the resulting material.

FIGURE 1 The chemical structure of babassu oil-based monomer (BOBM) used in this study. R (x:y) – the structure of the fatty acids (x – the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain, y – the number of double bonds in the fatty acid) (A). Synthetic scheme of HX-g-BOBM grafted polymerization (B).

HX-g-BOBM Emulsification

To simulate an industrial approach, where seeds are typically covered by spraying a water-based slurry containing polymers and additives over the seeds in a rotating drum machine, HX-g-BOBM was emulsified in water. Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, which serves as an emulsifying agent, was first dissolved in water, vortexed for 5 min, and ultrasonicated for 20 min. The HX-g-BOBM dispersion was then added dropwise and was vortexed for an additional 5 min and ultrasonicated for 20 min until a stable emulsion with a final polymer content of 15 wt % was achieved. Particle size measurement was conducted using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS90 (Figure 2A).

The viscosity of the emulsion was measured using an ARES G2 rheometer with 25 mm parallel plate clamps, gap size 0.5 mm, strain 1%, frequency range 1-500 rad/s, and temperature 25 ºC. The viscosity of the HX-g-BOBM emulsion exhibits non-Newtonian behavior, with apparent viscosity decreasing as the shear rate increases, indicating shear-thinning behavior. At low shear rates (< 1 rad/s), the emulsion displays high viscosity, suggesting good stability and minimal settling of particles. The apparent viscosity decreased significantly at higher shear rates (> 10 rad/s), indicating that the emulsion would flow more easily during the seed coating process, which is beneficial for uniform coating application in industrial applications (Figure 2B).

FIGURE 2 Particle size (A) and rheological behavior (B) of 15 wt % HX-g-BOBM water emulsion.

Seed Coating Procedure

Seeds were coated manually using a plastic bag with a subsequent transfer of seeds to the sieve and drying at room temperature (25 ±1°C) for 24 hours. In each case, 100 corn seeds were incubated with 2 ml of water-based polymer slurry and manually shaken for 5 minutes to simulate the industrial rotating drum coating procedure. The weight of the seeds was compared before and after the coating procedure. The average weight increase was found to be 2.0 ± 0.3 wt % from the initial mass of seeds.

HX-g-BOBM Coating Water Absorption

The water absorption test was conducted to evaluate the coating’s interactions with water. Coating film samples were submerged in 20 ml of distilled water and kept at room temperature. After immersion, excess water was removed, and the samples were weighed at specific time intervals to quantify the changes in mass. To ensure accuracy and reliability, each test was performed in triplicate. The resulting plot shows the relationship between time and weight gain (Figure 3A). The ability of the coating to swell is advantageous for enhancing water retention, by helping to keep the seeds hydrated after planting.

Images courtesy of BioPowder

The company has been creating particles and powders from , a byproduct of the olive oil industry, to provide an alternative to traditional mineral-based coating additives.

Kathrin Schilling, BioPowder’s founder and director, says the shift toward biobased materials is gaining momentum, especially in the decorative coatings market. While some technical coatings still face challenges in this transition, decorative applications have found new opportunities in plant-based products. Schilling notes that the company’s work with olive stones offers coatings manufacturers a chance to create products that are not only more sustainable but also competitive in terms of performance and cost.

The company says the use of upcycled olive stones, BioPowder’s flagship product, offers benefits in both functionality and environmental impact. Olive stones come from a carbon-neutral ecosystem, where the carbon emissions from food production and byproducts are offset by the olive trees’ carbon absorption. The particles are lightweight, durable, and compatible with a variety of , including biobased epoxy, polyurethane, and acrylic formulations. These properties make them suitable for improving abrasion resistance, durability, and curing times in coatings.

BioPowder has also expanded its offerings to include biobased color particles, allowing coatings manufacturers to customize the appearance of their products. The company says it works closely with manufacturers to adjust particle properties, such as viscosity and texture, for specific applications.

In a recent collaboration, BioPowder partnered with Austrian company F/LIST, known for its luxury coatings used in private jets and residential projects. F/LIST’s R&D division, F/LAB, developed a biobased laminate called F/LAB Aenigma Eco, which incorporates upcycled olive stones alongside other sustainable materials such as plant-based pigments and mother-of-pearl. The laminate is designed for high-end decorative applications, including wall coverings and furniture.

Schilling says the project demonstrates the potential for biobased innovation in the coatings industry, combining traditional craftsmanship with cutting-edge material science. “Our mission is to help companies transition to biobased product lines,” Schilling says. “We aim to solve the challenges that come with reducing environmental impact, and our helps accelerate the design and development of new eco-friendly coatings.”

To learn more about BioPowder and its work with biobased ingredients, visit .